ABSTRACT
To evaluate phytochemical, heavy metal, pesticide, microbial assay, and also FTIR studies of Angiatico-2 (A-2) an Electrohomeopathic remedy to evaluate safety and efficacy for its usage. Electrohomeopathy / Electropathy is one purely herbal medical system invented by Italian C. C. Mattie (1809-1896) has been practiced since the 1860s across the world. Electrohomeopathy has its own unique principles, plants selection, the process of remedies preparation, diagnosis, selection, and combination of drugs for different diseases, dosage, and treatment methods. In India, it is estimated that there are about 450-500 institutions imparting education and research, about 4.5 to 5 lacks practitioners are practicing and millions of population getting benefits currently. The government of India initiated steps to recognize Electrohomeopathy medical system under the constitution. Unfortunately, there is very limited scientific evidence to evaluate the safety, efficacy, phytochemical, and pharmacology studies in Electrohomeopathy. We prepared Angiatico-2 an Electrohomeopathic remedy as Mother Solution and D4 dilutions and evaluated it’s phytochemical screening, TLC, FTIR spectrum, Physical and Chemical nature, presence or absence of heavy metals, Pesticide, Food Additives and Microbial under NABL standards for its safety usage. Electrohomeopathic herbal remedy Angiatico-2 prepared by using 7 non poisonous plants by Krauss method under standard condition and not shown any heavy metals, pesticide presence and also no microbial presence above the limit level of FSSAI standard. Present studies of Electrohomeopathic herbal remedy Angiatico-2 preparation and its screening in standard scientific laboratory condition, TLC & FTIR studies may become reference standards for the manufacture of Angiatico-2 for bulk quantity at industrial level for. The present research investigations outcome with reproducibility may become standard markers or signatures to assess the quality and safe use of Angiatico-2.
ABSTRACT
Three extraction methods were compared for their efficiency to analyze sitagliptin and simvastatin in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS, including (1) liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), (2) solid phase extraction (SPE) and (3) supported liquid extraction (SLE). Comparison of recoveries of analytes with different extraction methods revealed that SLE was the best extraction method. The detection was facilitated with ion trap-mass spectrometer by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in a positive ion mode with ESI. The transitions monitored were m/z 441.1→325.2 for simvastatin, 408.2→235.1 for sitagliptin and 278.1→260.1 for the IS. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.2 ng/mL for sitagliptin and 0.1 ng/mL for simvastatin. The effective SLE offers enhanced chromatographic selectivity, thus facilitating the potential utility of the method for routine analysis of biological samples along with pharmacokinetic studies.
ABSTRACT
Given the increasing anthropogenic pressures on forests, the various protected areas--national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves--serve as the last footholds for conserving biological diversity. However, because protected areas are often targeted for the conservation of selected species, particularly charismatic animals, concerns have been raised about their effectiveness in conserving nontarget taxa and their genetic resources. In this paper, we evaluate whether protected areas can serve as refugia for genetic resources of economically important plants that are threatened due to extraction pressures. We examine the population structure and genetic diversity of an economically important rattan, Calamus thwaitesii, in the core, buffer and peripheral regions of three protected areas in the central Western Ghats, southern India. Our results indicate that in all the three protected areas, the core and buffer regions maintain a better population structure, as well as higher genetic diversity, than the peripheral regions of the protected area. Thus, despite the escalating pressures of extraction, the protected areas are effective in conserving the genetic resources of rattan. These results underscore the importance of protected areas in conservation of nontarget species and emphasize the need to further strengthen the protected-area network to offer refugia for economically important plant species.